A leading authority on the Bayeux Tapestry examines the work "frame by frame" in this profusely illustrated and annotated volume. The Bayeux Tapestry is one of the most extraordinary artefacts to survive from the eleventh century. A fragile web of woollen thread on linen, its brilliant colours undimmed after nearly a thousand years, this masterpiece is unique as a complete example of an art form beloved of the aristocracy in the Romanesque era - the `historiated' or narrative embroidery. The momentous story it tells is that of one of the turning-points in English and European history, the struggle for the succession to the English throne which culminated in the Battle of Hastings in the fateful year of 1066. The version told is that of the Normans who commissioned it - of Harold's perjury and its dreadful price, death and defeat in battle. Yet the sympathies of the English hands that designed and created it are equally evident. And the Tapestry itself is so close to the events it describes, and portrays them in such vivid detail,as to make it in its own right a historical source of the first order, not only for the political crisis of 1064-66 but also for the social history of eleventh-century life. This book presents a full-colour reproduction of the entire Tapestry, with a detailed commentary alongside each episode, equipping the reader to follow the story blow by blow and this marvellous work of art step by step. In addition, a preliminary study sets the Tapestry in its artistic, cultural and historical context. The late Lucien Musset, Emeritus Professor of the University of Caen, studied the Tapestry of nearby Bayeux for nearly fifty years. This erudite but highly readable survey distils a lifetime's scholarship into a wise and impeccably researched synthesis which enables the modern reader to appreciate what the Tapestry meant in the context of its time, at the start of the last millennium.

A leading authority on the Bayeux Tapestry examines the work "frame by frame" in this profusely illustrated and annotated volume. The Bayeux Tapestry is one of the most extraordinary artefacts to survive from the eleventh century. A fragile web of woollen thread on linen, its brilliant colours undimmed after nearly a thousand years, this masterpiece is unique as a complete example of an art form beloved of the aristocracy in the Romanesque era - the `historiated' or narrative embroidery. The momentous story it tells is that of one of the turning-points in English and European history, the struggle for the succession to the English throne which culminated in the Battle of Hastings in the fateful year of 1066. The version told is that of the Normans who commissioned it - of Harold's perjury and its dreadful price, death and defeat in battle. Yet the sympathies of the English hands that designed and created it are equally evident. And the Tapestry itself is so close to the events it describes, and portrays them in such vivid detail,as to make it in its own right a historical source of the first order, not only for the political crisis of 1064-66 but also for the social history of eleventh-century life. This book presents a full-colour reproduction of the entire Tapestry, with a detailed commentary alongside each episode, equipping the reader to follow the story blow by blow and this marvellous work of art step by step. In addition, a preliminary study sets the Tapestry in its artistic, cultural and historical context. The late Lucien Musset, Emeritus Professor of the University of Caen, studied the Tapestry of nearby Bayeux for nearly fifty years. This erudite but highly readable survey distils a lifetime's scholarship into a wise and impeccably researched synthesis which enables the modern reader to appreciate what the Tapestry meant in the context of its time, at the start of the last millennium.

A major new account of the most intensely creative years of Luther's career The Making of Martin Luther takes a provocative look at the intellectual emergence of one of the most original and influential minds of the sixteenth century. Richard Rex traces how, in a concentrated burst of creative energy in the few years surrounding his excommunication by Pope Leo X in 1521, this lecturer at an obscure German university developed a startling new interpretation of the Christian faith that brought to an end the dominance of the Catholic Church in Europe. Luther's personal psychology and cultural context played their parts in the whirlwind of change he unleashed. But for the man himself, it was always about the ideas, the truth, and the Gospel. Focusing on the most intensely important years of Luther's career, Rex teases out the threads of his often paradoxical and counterintuitive ideas from the tangled thickets of his writings, explaining their significance, their interconnections, and the astonishing appeal they so rapidly developed. Yet Rex also sets these ideas firmly in the context of Luther's personal life, the cultural landscape that shaped him, and the traditions of medieval Catholic thought from which his ideas burst forth. Lucidly argued and elegantly written, The Making of Martin Luther is a splendid work of intellectual history that renders Luther's earthshaking yet sometimes challenging ideas accessible to a new generation of readers.

A new critical edition of Henry VIII's 1526 public letter to Martin Luther, enabling readers to examine how Henry VIII wanted his subjects to regard the German heresiarch. A modern critical edition of Henry VIII's second published work against Martin Luther. This open letter to Luther, printed at the king's command in December 1526, was in reply to a private letter addressed to him by Luther the previous year. Its particular interest lies in the fact that, unlike his better known Assertion of the Seven Sacraments, published five years before, Henry's open letter was released not only in Latin but also in an official Englishtranslation, with a special English preface added by the king for the edification of his subjects. This edition thus enables modern readers to hear what Henry had to say about Luther in his own words, and how he wanted his subjects to regard the German heresiarch. This critical edition is based on a previously unrecognised presentation manuscript which furnishes the earliest surviving text of both letters. In addition, it offers editions and newtranslations of a range of related texts, including Luther's reply to Henry and further contributions to the burgeoning controversy from several of the most prominent Catholic opponents of Luther in Europe. For Henry's letter, like his earlier book, became for a while a European sensation, reprinted in towns and cities from Cologne to Cracow. This fully annotated edition includes a substantial introduction which for the first time tells the full history of Henry's second controversy with Luther, and which sets that story in the broader context of the lengthy and fractious relationship between the two men from the time of Luther's emergence in 1517 until his death in 1546.

This book investigates the intellectual career of Bishop John Fisher (1469-1535), the early sixteenth-century bishop of Rochester and victim of Henry VIII's Reformation, whose numerous writings included one of the most influential refutations of the century of Martin Luther. Richard Rex investigates the life and work of Fisher the scholar from his arrival in Cambridge in the 1480s to his prolonged literary campaign against Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon in the years 1527-31. He traces the intellectual influences of scholasticism and humanism in his education and his subsequent career, and the way in which Fisher attempted to cope with the tensions between the authority of the church and the critical implications of humanist study. The heart of the book is concerned with Fisher's most important works, his treatises against Luther and Oecolompadius in the 1520s. Rex draws attention to the perceptiveness and originality of his critique of Protestant doctrines, and attempts to restore one of the greatest intellectuals of early sixteenth-century England to his rightful place as a central figure in the scholarship of the age.

Three leading scholars examine one of the oldest professorships, the Lady Margaret's Chair of Divinity at the University of Cambridge. Graham Stanton, current holder, writes an introduction considering theology at Cambridge before 1502 and after 1649. In two subsequent chapters (delivered as lectures at an event in March 2002 to celebrate the five-hundredth anniversary of the Chair), Richard Rex offers an account of the establishment of the Professorship in 1502 and Patrick Collinson addresses the extent to which early incumbents were involved in the religious and political turmoil of the era.

This book investigates the intellectual career of Bishop John Fisher (1469-1535), the early sixteenth century bishop of Rochester and victim of Henry VIII's Reformation, whose numerous writings included one of the most influential refutations of that century of Martin Luther.

Combining an expertise on the Tudor dynasty with an authoritative understanding of its religious and political make-up, A Short History of the Tudors provides a fresh and accessible perspective of one of the most formative periods of British history. Rex considers the ways in which the Tudors shaped the beginnings of modern England through the momentous break with Rome in a comprehensive yet balanced way. Close attention is also paid to the dismantling of the baronial system and centralisation of secular power, as well as an exploration of the break with Rome, the two pillars on which the author’s argument will rest. The book is organised chronologically and divided up into time periods, making it the ultimate companion for anyone keen to delve into the history of Britain’s most notorious dynasty. The famous and infamous key players in the Tudor age have long endured in text books and are, brought to life here by Rex. Lively portraits of John Fisher, Thomas Moore and Thomas Wolsey and Mary Queen of Scots are painted, as well as the lesser-known players like the flamboyant Robert Devereux. A leading authority on the Tudors and British religious history, Richard Rex brings to life a dynasty which continues to engages and fascinate readers.

A major new account of the most intensely creative years of Luther's career The Making of Martin Luther takes a provocative look at the intellectual emergence of one of the most original and influential minds of the sixteenth century. Richard Rex traces how, in a concentrated burst of creative energy in the few years surrounding his excommunication by Pope Leo X in 1521, this lecturer at an obscure German university developed a startling new interpretation of the Christian faith that brought to an end the dominance of the Catholic Church in Europe. Lucidly argued and elegantly written, The Making of Martin Luther is a splendid work of intellectual history that renders Luther's earthshaking yet sometimes challenging ideas accessible to a new generation of readers.

Investing in a new metalworking lathe is a big step for any shop (especially home shops), where there’s usually no one around to help. Once the lathe is up and running, you should theoretically be able to make the special items you previously did without (or paid through the nose for), such as shafts, plain, tapered or threaded discs, bearings, and so on. But if you are new to this, you’ll want to know a lot more than you can learn from the salesman or the manual. Does the lathe really match your needs, and if so, how much?Choosing & Using the Right Metal Shop Lathe is an essential source of information for lathe buyers and users at every level, from mini-size tabletops up to industrial machines weighing half a ton or more. It answers the question of what else you will need to get useful work from the machine. For instance, what comes as “standard equipment� with the lathe? Most include a chuck (usually a 4-jaw independent, not the self-centering 3-jaw you’ll want to use most of the time), maybe a faceplate (rarely used), and a 4-way toolholder you will probably swap right away for a more sensible design. Never included is a tailstock drill chuck, an essential accessory you will need from day one—and the same goes for actual cutting tools. Almost certainly, there won’t be a digital readout (DRO), which used to be regarded as a “maybe-someday� luxury—but not anymore. The work talks about cutting oils, cutting speeds and easier-to-machine materials, and it cautions against buying sets of anything, vs. buying the one accessory you’ll truly need. Finally, there are chapters on building a tailstock drill press, a special toolpost for easy screw cutting, and a precision grinder for lathe tools that can be made from oddments of material in a couple of days or less.             Features   Differentiates between the truly essential features (screw-cutting) and the nice-to-have (power feeding), spindle speed selection from a gearbox (typical) or continuously variable (more convenient). Offers advice on screw-cutting US and metric threads, and handling the machinist’s most trouble-prone actions, such as knurling and parting off. Provides a workpiece tutorial that demonstrates many of the commonplace lathe routines—ideal for first-time users.

Combining an expertise on the Tudor dynasty with an authoritative understanding of its religious and political make-up, A Short History of the Tudors provides a fresh and accessible perspective of one of the most formative periods of British history. Rex considers the ways in which the Tudors shaped the beginnings of modern England through the momentous break with Rome in a comprehensive yet balanced way. Close attention is also paid to the dismantling of the baronial system and centralisation of secular power, as well as an exploration of the break with Rome, the two pillars on which the author’s argument will rest. The book is organised chronologically and divided up into time periods, making it the ultimate companion for anyone keen to delve into the history of Britain’s most notorious dynasty. The famous and infamous key players in the Tudor age have long endured in text books and are, brought to life here by Rex. Lively portraits of John Fisher, Thomas Moore and Thomas Wolsey and Mary Queen of Scots are painted, as well as the lesser-known players like the flamboyant Robert Devereux. A leading authority on the Tudors and British religious history, Richard Rex brings to life a dynasty which continues to engages and fascinate readers.

The Tudor Age began in August 1485 when Henry Tudor landed with a small force at Milford Haven intent on snatching the English throne from Richard III. For more than a hundred years England was to be dominated by the personalities of the five Tudor monarchs, ranging from the brilliance and brutality of Henry VIII to the shrewdness and vanity of the virgin queen, Elizabeth I.

The Lollards offers a brief, insightful guide to the entire history of England's only native medieval heretical movement. Beginning with its fourteenth century origins in the theology of an Oxford professor, John Wyclif, Richard Rex examines the spread of Lollardy across much of England until its eventual dissolution amidst the ecclesiastical and doctrinal upheavals of the sixteenth century. Taking account of recent scholarship, The Lollards examines the movement's relationship to Wyclif's teachings, its social and geographical distribution, its political significance and its relationship to the English Reformation.

         In most modern metal shops, you’ll find both a lathe and a vertical mill. Both machines function by removing material from a block of metal—the “workpiece.� The key difference between the two is how the workpiece is handled. On a lathe, the workpiece rotates, and is cut away by a knife tool. (Typical products of lathe work are “turned parts� such as spindles, bearings, screws, washers, and circular blanks for gears.)           On a milling machine, it’s the cutter that rotates. The workpiece is clamped to a table that is moved by precise amounts in two axes at right angles. (Typical mill products are flat-surfaced blocks of metal, like a cube, sometimes drilled for spindles or dowel pins, often tapped for screws.)           Both the lathe and mill are incredibly flexible machines, but neither is capable of doing useful work right “out of the box.� Both call for a number of accessories for holding the workpiece, as well as a selection of different cutting tools, drills, reamers, etc. Unlike lathe turning, which has not changed fundamentally in the past 100 years, milling in the small shop has been changed radically by the recent introduction of bench-top machines.           There are now so many different milling machines that insider information has become even more important. In this work, Choosing & Using the Right Milling Machine, Richard Rex provides everything needed to choose the right type of mill—knee-type (Bridgeport) or bench-top—and properly install it depending on the type of work you’re doing. With suggestions for finding, installing, and using the essential accessories, including digital readouts, this work is a must-have for model shops around the globe. And it’s the perfect companion work to Choosing & Using the Right Metal Shop Lathe.               Features   Covers different types of milling cutters, including end mills, drill bits, reamers, and slitting saws. Introduces information on the add-ons that get a shop operational with the least delay and expense. Instructs on the installation and use of three popular accessories—table power-feed, digital readout (DRO), and rotary table. Provides a workpiece tutorial that demonstrates many of the commonplace milling routines—ideal for first-time users.

Abandoning the traditional narrative approach to the subject, Richard Rex presents an analytical account which sets out the logic of Henry VIII's shortlived Reformation. Starting with the fundamental matter of the royal supremacy, Rex goes on to investigate the application of this principle to the English ecclesiastical establishment and to the traditional religion of the people. He then examines the extra impetus and the new direction which Henry's regime gave to the development of a vernacular and literate devotional culture, and shows how, despite Henry's best intentions, serious religious divisions had emerged in England by the end of his reign. The study emphasises the personal role of Henry VIII in driving the Reformation process and how this process, in turn, considerably reinforced the monarch's power. This updated edition of a powerful interpretation of Henry VIII's Reformation retains the analytical edge and stylish lucidity of the original text while taking full account of the latest research. An important new chapter elucidates the way in which 'politics' and 'religion' interacted in early Tudor England.

An intimate history of England's most infamous royal family. The Tudor Age began in August 1485 when Henry Tudor landed with 2000 soldiers at Milford Haven intent on snatching the English throne from Richard III. This marked the beginning of a 150 years of the Tudors, one of the most colourful royal families in Britain's history from the psychotic Henry VIII to the bankrupt virgin queen, Elizabeth I. Richard Rex concentrates on the personalities of this great royal dynasty, their relations with one another and the differing efforts each made in maintaining the family's grip on the English throne.

Elizabeth I stands in the English imagination for one of the formative phases of English history. Her reign saw England transformed, at her command, from a Catholic to a Protestant country, with calcuable consequences for the history of Europe and of the world - starting with the attempted invasion by the Spanish Armada.